▪︎ PPWR
Spotlight on Bio-Based Plastics: EU Report Calls for Greater Support for PPWR Goals
Bio-based plastics are considered a key option for reducing the use of fossil resources in the packaging sector. However, a recent analysis by the European Commission makes it clear that their potential can only be fully realized through targeted policy measures and appropriate framework conditions.
Market development and regulatory drivers
The European Commission’s report highlights that the plastics sector remains overwhelmingly dependent on fossil resources, with biobased plastics representing less than 1% of total production. However, there is considerable potential for growth: according to forecasts, by 2050 they could account for 10 to 30 per cent of plastic packaging. To accelerate this transition, the report recommends introducing binding targets for biobased content linked to sustainability criteria, as well as recognising recycled and biobased carbon as equivalent elements in a circular carbon system.
Infrastructure and recycling challenges
A major barrier to scaling biobased plastics is the lack of dedicated collection and recycling infrastructure. While drop-in biopolymers such as bio-PE and bio-PET can be processed within existing systems, newer materials like PLA and PEF require separate waste streams. Although technologies such as near-infrared sorting enable accurate identification, economic incentives for large-scale infrastructure investments remain limited. In addition, significant data gaps persist regarding collection and recycling rates, as biobased materials are not consistently tracked.
Sustainability and innovation support
The report also emphasises the climate benefits of biobased plastics, which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30–70% compared with fossil-based alternatives. However, this requires the sustainable sourcing of biomass, for example through harmonised criteria based on existing regulations such as the Renewable Energy Directive. The expansion of infrastructure for the collection and recycling of bio-based plastics is also seen as crucial to strengthening the circular economy and exploiting synergies between recycling and bio-based materials. Furthermore, the Commission recommends making targeted investments in research and development, particularly in up-scaling to market, in order to reduce costs and promote innovation.
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